Samuel was the son of Abraham and Arathusa Calvin (Bullard) Peck.

He moved to Blakely, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania about 1829. His brothers John and Jeremiah ("Jerre") also moved to Blakely and in 1831 they started Samuel Peck & Brothers, a sash and door factory, as well as a small grist mill on Mott Place along the Lackawanna River. They soon started a successful lumber mill and planing mill that became Peck Lumber Manufacturing Company, which remained in the Peck family and grew for generations.

This area of Blakely was renamed Peckville for the Peck businesses. In 1832, land was given to the town of Blakely by Samuel Callender and lumber provided by Samuel Peck to erect the Brown Meeting House - the structure was later removed and converted to a private dwelling, and the Callender Memorial Chapel was built on the original site. (This counsel became the Regular Baptist Church of Blakely, and new building burned down in 1912.)

Two tracts of land in Blakely divided by the Lackawanna River owned by Samuel was the site of a significant coal deposit. The land was to be divided by Samuel's heirs upon his death, but never was. The land was leased to the Ontario and Western Railroad company for many years by Samuel's son Jonathan W. Peck. After J.W.'s death, multiple heirs of Samuel Peck sued for their share of the revenues derived from the land's coal and railroad leases.

Samuel married 1st Sarah Wilson 31 Dec 1816 in Colrain, Franklin, MA. They had the following children:
Samuel Lyman Peck (1817-1892) m 1st: Harriet Wilson, m 2nd: Esther Anna Pugh
Mary Ann Peck (1819-1896) m: George Arnold
Sarah W. Peck (1821- ) m: Joseph Stephens
Arathusa B. Peck (1823-1860) m: Sidney Stevens
Jonathan Wilson Peck (1826-1895) m 1st: Mercyette Hall, m 2nd: Harriet "Hattie" Agustus Wilson
Elvira C. Peck (1829-1889) m: Andrew C. Wise
Emeline O. Peck (1829-1886) m: Richard S. Benjamin
John Dwight Peck (1831-1933) m 1st: Sarah C. Snidecor, m 2nd: Dalana "Della" Elizabeth Stone, m 3rd: Mary F. Crago
Calvin F. Peck (1834-1906) m 1st: Mary Elizabeth Dixon, m 2nd: Phoebe Jane Travis

Sarah died 17 Jul 1842.

Samuel married 2nd Susanna A. Snidecor 28 Jun 1845. They had the following child:
William W. Peck (1847-1921) m: Susan Emmaline Robinson

Susanna died 11 Aug 1857.

Samuel married 3rd Sarah Ann Bertholf 13 Mar 1862. They had the following child:
John Edward Peck (1863-1934) m 1st: Mary Isabel Ross, m 2nd: Gertrude Mabel Ashwood

Samuel died 7 Jul 1864 in Peckville, Lackawanna, PA. Sarah moved with her son to Rushville, Schuyler, Illinois. She married 2nd David Harris in Schuyler, Illinois, who died in 1876. Sarah died in Rushville, Schuyler, Illinois, 28 Aug 1886.
Gravesite Details
Assumed buried in the Callender burial grounds and moved to Prospect Hill, but no official records found to date. His son J.W. Peck sold the lands in 1871 for Prospect Hill Cemetery, and many Callender graves were moved here incl. 1st & 2nd wives