Edwin (?)

M, b. circa 900, d. 933
Father*Edward (?) b. circa 870, d. July 17, 924
Mother*Elfleda (?) b. circa 880, d. after 910
Relationships28th great-granduncle of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-granduncle of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-granduncle of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Edwin (?) was born circa 900.1 He died in 933.

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.

Eadfled (?)

F, b. circa 900, d. ?
Father*Edward (?) b. circa 870, d. July 17, 924
Mother*Elfleda (?) b. circa 880, d. after 910
Relationships28th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Eadfled (?) was born circa 900.1 She died in ?

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.

Eadgifu (?)

F, b. 902, d. after 955
Father*Edward (?) b. circa 870, d. July 17, 924
Mother*Elfleda (?) b. circa 880, d. after 910
Relationships28th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Eadgifu (?) was born in 902 at Wessex, England.1,2 She married Charles III (?), son of Louis II (?), in 919.1,2 Eadgifu (?) died after 955.2

Family

Charles III (?) b. circa 875, d. 923
Child

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.

Lothaire (?)

M, b. 941, d. March 2, 986
Father*Louis IV (?) b. September 10, 921, d. September 10, 954
Mother*Lady Gerberga (?) b. 912, d. May 5, 984
Relationships28th great-granduncle of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-granduncle of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-granduncle of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Lothaire (?) was born in 941.1,2 He married Emma (?) in 965.2 Lothaire (?) died on March 2, 986.1,2

Family

Emma (?) b. circa 948, d. after 986
Child

Citations

  1. [S69] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Europe., pg. 187.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.

Louis V (?)

M, b. circa 967, d. May 21, 987
Father*Lothaire (?) b. 941, d. March 2, 986
Mother*Emma (?)1 b. circa 948, d. after 986
Relationships1st cousin 29 times removed of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
1st cousin 30 times removed of Gary Edward Dunscombe
1st cousin 28 times removed of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Louis V (?) was born circa 967.2,1 He married Adelaide-Blanche (?), daughter of Fulk II (?) and Gerverga (?), in 982 at Briuode, France.1 Louis V (?) died on May 21, 987.2,1

Family

Adelaide-Blanche (?) b. circa 940, d. 1026

Citations

  1. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.
  2. [S69] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Europe., pg. 187.

Ethelhild (?)

F, b. circa 900, d. ?
Father*Edward (?) b. circa 870, d. July 17, 924
Mother*Elfleda (?) b. circa 880, d. after 910
Relationships28th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Ethelhild (?) was born circa 900.1 She died in ?2

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., Pg. 219.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.

Eadhild (?)

F, b. circa 900, d. 937
Father*Edward (?) b. circa 870, d. July 17, 924
Mother*Elfleda (?) b. circa 880, d. after 910
Relationships28th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Eadhild (?) was born circa 900.1 She married Hugh (?), son of Robert I (?) and Beatrice (?), in 926.1 Eadhild (?) died in 937.2

Family

Hugh (?) b. circa 895, d. June, 956

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.

Eadgyth (?)

F, b. 910, d. January 26, 946
Father*Edward (?) b. circa 870, d. July 17, 924
Mother*Elfleda (?) b. circa 880, d. after 910
Relationships28th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Eadgyth (?) was born in 910.1 She married Otto I (?), son of Henry I (?) and Matilda (?), in 929.2,1 Eadgyth (?) died on January 26, 946.2,1 She was buried at Cathedral of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.1

Family

Otto I (?) b. November 23, 912, d. May 7, 973
Children

Citations

  1. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.
  2. [S183] New Encyclopaeida Britannica.
  3. [S160] LDS ancestral file, online www.familysearch.org.

Hedwige (?)

F, b. circa 860, d. December 24, 903
Father*Arnoul (?) b. circa 845, d. December 8, 899
Mother*Oda (?) b. circa 840, d. ?
Relationships30th great-grandmother of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
31st great-grandmother of Gary Edward Dunscombe
29th great-grandmother of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Hedwige (?) was born circa 860.1 She married Otto (?), son of Ludolph (?) and Hedwige (?), circa 875.2 Hedwige (?) died on December 24, 903.3

Family

Otto (?) b. circa 855, d. November 30, 912
Child

Citations

  1. [S8] Charles Browning, Americans of royal descent, pg. 442.
  2. [S8] Charles Browning, Americans of royal descent, pg. 468.
  3. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…

Elfgifu (?)

F, b. circa 900, d. ?
Father*Edward (?) b. circa 870, d. July 17, 924
Mother*Elfleda (?) b. circa 880, d. after 910
Relationships28th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Elfgifu (?) was born circa 900. She married Boleslav (?) circa 920.1 Elfgifu (?) died in ?

Family

Boleslav (?) b. circa 900, d. ?

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.

Boleslav (?)

M, b. circa 900, d. ?
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Boleslav (?) was born circa 900.1 He married Elfgifu (?), daughter of Edward (?) and Elfleda (?), circa 920.1 Boleslav (?) died in ?

Family

Elfgifu (?) b. circa 900, d. ?

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.

Ethelfleda (?)

F, b. circa 870, d. June 12, 918
Father*Alfred (?) b. 849, d. October 26, 899
Mother*Lady Ealhswith (?) b. circa 850, d. December 5, 902
Relationships27th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
ETHELFLEDA, LADY OF THE MERCIANS, D. 918
     Ethelfleda (?) was born circa 870. She married Ethelred (?) circa 880.1 Ethelfleda (?) died on June 12, 918 at Tamworth, Staffordshire, England.2,1,3 She was buried at St. Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, England.3

Family

Ethelred (?) b. circa 860, d. 912

Citations

  1. [S54] Concise dictionary of national biography : from the beginnings till 1900., Pg. 409.
  2. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., Pg. 219.
  3. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…

Ethelred (?)

M, b. circa 860, d. 912
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Ethelred (?) was born circa 860. He married Ethelfleda (?), daughter of Alfred (?) and Lady Ealhswith (?), circa 880.1 Ethelred (?) died in 912.1

Family

Ethelfleda (?) b. circa 870, d. June 12, 918

Citations

  1. [S54] Concise dictionary of national biography : from the beginnings till 1900., Pg. 409.

Ethelgiva (?)

F, b. circa 870, d. ?
Father*Alfred (?) b. 849, d. October 26, 899
Mother*Lady Ealhswith (?) b. circa 850, d. December 5, 902
Relationships27th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 17, 2014
     Ethelgiva (?) was born circa 870.1 She died in ?

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., Pg. 219.

Elfthryth (?)

F, b. 877, d. June 7, 929
Father*Alfred (?) b. 849, d. October 26, 899
Mother*Lady Ealhswith (?) b. circa 850, d. December 5, 902
Relationships27th great-grandmother of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-grandmother of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-grandmother of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedSeptember 21, 2014
     Elfthryth (?) was born in 877.1,2 She married Baldwin II (?), son of Baldwin I (?) and Judith (?), in 884.3,2 Elfthryth (?) died on June 7, 929 at Flanders.3,1

Family

Baldwin II (?) b. circa 865, d. September 10, 918
Children

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.
  3. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…
  4. [S191] Paul B. McBride's Genealogy Page, online http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/

Baldwin II (?)

M, b. circa 865, d. September 10, 918
Father*Baldwin I (?) b. circa 830, d. 879
Mother*Judith (?) b. circa 843, d. 870
Relationships27th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedSeptember 21, 2014
BALDWIN II OF FLANDERS
     Baldwin II (?) was born circa 865.1,2 He married Elfthryth (?), daughter of Alfred (?) and Lady Ealhswith (?), in 884.3,2 Baldwin II (?) died on September 10, 918.3,2

Family

Elfthryth (?) b. 877, d. June 7, 929
Children

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., pg. 221.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.
  3. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…
  4. [S191] Paul B. McBride's Genealogy Page, online http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/

Baldwin I (?)

M, b. circa 830, d. 879
Father*Odoscer (?) b. circa 810, d. ?
Relationships28th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedOctober 10, 2014
BALDWIN I AND JUDITH OF FLANDERS
     Baldwin I (?) was born circa 830. He married Judith (?), daughter of Charles II (?) and Ermentrude (?), circa 865.1 Baldwin I (?) died in 879 at Auxerre, France.

Family

Judith (?) b. circa 843, d. 870
Child

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., pg. 221.

Baldwin III (?)

M, b. circa 940, d. November 1, 962
Father*Arnulf I (?)1 b. circa 890, d. March 28, 965
Mother*Adele (?)1 b. 910, d. 960
Relationships29th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
30th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
28th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedSeptember 21, 2014
     Baldwin III (?) was born circa 940.1 He married Matilda Billung, daughter of Herman Billung and Hildegardis (?), in 961.1 Baldwin III (?) died on November 1, 962.1

Family

Matilda Billung b. circa 945, d. May 25, 1008
Children

Citations

  1. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…
  2. [S160] LDS ancestral file, online www.familysearch.org.

Baldwin IV (?)

M, b. circa 980, d. May 30, 1035
Father*Arnulf II (?) b. circa 961, d. 987
Mother*Rosala (?) b. circa 955, d. February 7, 1003
Relationships27th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedOctober 2, 2014
     Baldwin IV (?) was born circa 980.1 He married Ogiva (?) circa 1000.2 Baldwin IV (?) died on May 30, 1035.3

Family

Ogiva (?) b. circa 980, d. ?unknown
Child

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., pg. 221.
  2. [S454] David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror : the Norman impact upon England, pg. 77.
  3. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…

Baldwin V (?)

M, b. August 19, 1012, d. September 1, 1067
Father*Baldwin IV (?)1 b. circa 980, d. May 30, 1035
Mother*Ogiva (?)1 b. circa 980, d. ?unknown
Relationships26th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
27th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
25th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedOctober 2, 2014
     Baldwin V (?) was born on August 19, 1012.1,2 He married Adela (?), daughter of Robert II (?) and Constance (?), in 1028.1 Baldwin V (?) died on September 1, 1067 at Lille, France, at age 55.1

Family

Adela (?) b. 1009, d. January 8, 1079
Child

Citations

  1. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.

Matilda (?)

F, b. circa 1031, d. November 2, 1083
Father*Baldwin V (?) b. August 19, 1012, d. September 1, 1067
Mother*Adela (?) b. 1009, d. January 8, 1079
Relationships25th great-grandmother of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
26th great-grandmother of Gary Edward Dunscombe
24th great-grandmother of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedSeptember 21, 2014
MATILDA OF FLANDERS, ca. 1060
Photograph by Picasa
     Matilda (?) was born circa 1031 at Flanders, Normandy, France.1 She married William I (?), son of Robert II (?) and Herleve (?), in 1053.2 Matilda (?) died on November 2, 1083 at Caen, Normandy, France.1 She was buried at l'Abbaye aux Dames, Sainte-Trinité church, Caen, France.3

Family

William I (?) b. 1027, d. September 9, 1087
Children

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., pg. 46.
  2. [S54] Concise dictionary of national biography : from the beginnings till 1900., pg. 857, 1407.
  3. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.

William I (?)

M, b. 1027, d. September 9, 1087
Father*Robert II (?) b. circa 1010, d. February 3, 1134
Mother*Herleve (?) b. circa 1010, d. circa 1050
Relationships25th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
26th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
24th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedSeptember 21, 2014
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
Photograph by Picasa
     William I (?) was born in 1027 at Falaise, Normandy, France. He married Matilda (?), daughter of Baldwin V (?) and Adela (?), in 1053.1 William I (?) died on September 9, 1087 at Mantes, France.2 He was buried at Abbey of Saint Stephen, Caen, Basse-Normandie, France.3

Family

Matilda (?) b. circa 1031, d. November 2, 1083
Children

Citations

  1. [S54] Concise dictionary of national biography : from the beginnings till 1900., pg. 857, 1407.
  2. [S54] Concise dictionary of national biography : from the beginnings till 1900., pg. 391.
  3. [S382] Find A Grave, online www.findagrave.com.

Robert II (?)

M, b. circa 1010, d. February 3, 1134
Father*Richard II (?) b. August 23, 963, d. 1027
Mother*Juetta (?) b. 982, d. August 28, 1017
Relationships26th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
27th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
25th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 21, 2023
     Robert II (?) was born circa 1010.1 He married Herleve (?), daughter of Fulbert (?) and Duxia (?), circa 1025.2 Robert II (?) died on February 3, 1134.1,3

Family

Herleve (?) b. circa 1010, d. circa 1050
Child

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., pg. 221.
  2. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…
  3. [S382] Find A Grave, online www.findagrave.com.

Richard II (?)

M, b. August 23, 963, d. 1027
Father*Richard I (?) b. 933, d. November 20, 996
Mother*Lady Gunnor (?) b. circa 950, d. January 5, 1031
Relationships27th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedSeptember 21, 2014
     Richard II (?) was born on August 23, 963.1,2 He married Juetta (?), daughter of Conan I (?) and Ermengarde (?), circa 1000.3 Richard II (?) died in 1027.4,1

Family

Juetta (?) b. 982, d. August 28, 1017
Children

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., pg. 221.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.
  3. [S8] Charles Browning, Americans of royal descent, pg. 372.
  4. [S8] Charles Browning, Americans of royal descent, pg. 467.
  5. [S191] Paul B. McBride's Genealogy Page, online http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/
  6. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…

Richard I (?)

M, b. 933, d. November 20, 996
Father*William (?)1 b. circa 893, d. December 17, 942
Mother*Sprota (?)1 b. circa 890, d. ?
Relationships27th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedAugust 21, 2023
     Richard I (?) was born in 933 at Fecamp, France.1 He married Lady Gunnor (?), daughter of Harold III (?) and Gunhilda (?), circa 970.2 Richard I (?) died on November 20, 996 at Fecamp, France.1

Family

Lady Gunnor (?) b. circa 950, d. January 5, 1031
Children

Citations

  1. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…
  2. [S191] Paul B. McBride's Genealogy Page, online http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/

Emma (?)

F, b. circa 980, d. March 6, 1052
Father*Richard I (?) b. 933, d. November 20, 996
Mother*Lady Gunnor (?) b. circa 950, d. January 5, 1031
Relationships26th great-grandaunt of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
27th great-grandaunt of Gary Edward Dunscombe
25th great-grandaunt of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedOctober 2, 2014
     Emma (?) was born circa 980 at Normandy.1,2 She married Ethelred II (?), son of Edgar (?) and Lady Elfrida (?), circa 1000.1 Emma (?) married Canute (?) circa 1010.1 Emma (?) died on March 6, 1052 at Winchester, Hampshire, England.1,2 She was buried at Old Minster, Winchester, Hampshire, England.2

Family 1

Ethelred II (?) b. circa 960, d. April 23, 1016
Children

Family 2

Canute (?) b. circa 994, d. November 12, 1035
Children

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., Pg. 221.
  2. [S298] Wikipedia, online www.wikipedia.org.

Ethelweard (?)

M, b. circa 870, d. 922
Father*Alfred (?) b. 849, d. October 26, 899
Mother*Lady Ealhswith (?) b. circa 850, d. December 5, 902
Relationships27th great-granduncle of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
28th great-granduncle of Gary Edward Dunscombe
26th great-granduncle of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedOctober 2, 2014
     Ethelweard (?) was born circa 870.1 He died in 922.1

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., Pg. 219.

Osburga (?)

F, b. circa 820, d. circa 855
Father*Oslac (?) b. circa 800, d. circa 846
Relationships29th great-grandmother of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
30th great-grandmother of Gary Edward Dunscombe
28th great-grandmother of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedApril 24, 2012
     Osburga (?) was born circa 820.1 She married Ethelwulf (?), son of Egbert (?) and Redburga (?), circa 840.1 Osburga (?) died circa 855.1

Family

Ethelwulf (?) b. circa 800, d. 858
Children

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., pg. 219.
  2. [S111] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/…

Oslac (?)

M, b. circa 800, d. circa 846
Relationships30th great-grandfather of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
31st great-grandfather of Gary Edward Dunscombe
29th great-grandfather of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedOctober 2, 2014
     Oslac (?) was born circa 800.1 He died circa 846.2

Family

Child

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain.
  2. [S573] Geni.com, online www.geni.com.

Ethelbert (?)

M, b. circa 840, d. circa 866
Father*Ethelwulf (?) b. circa 800, d. 858
Mother*Osburga (?) b. circa 820, d. circa 855
Relationships28th great-granduncle of (Cecil) Edward John Ferdinand Dunscombe
29th great-granduncle of Gary Edward Dunscombe
27th great-granduncle of Cecil Dunscombe
Last EditedOctober 2, 2014
     Ethelbert (?) was born circa 840.1 He died circa 866.1,2

Citations

  1. [S243] David. Williamson, Debrett's kings and queens of Britain., Pg. 219.
  2. [S54] Concise dictionary of national biography : from the beginnings till 1900., Pg. 409.